6 Business and Innovation Magazine for Satellite Navigation To provide reliable, accurate navigation within buildings, such systems must be combined with external complements such as sensors, WLAN, Bluetooth, and RFID. The goal is to achieve a configuration that is seamless in terms of systems as well as navigation: The customer should not recognise when which system is providing the positioning data. Indoor navigation has particular potential for use in car parks, factories, and building management. Services and indoor positioning Several key technologies will substantially change the mobile experience in the next years: higher data rates in mobile communications, satellite navigation, mobile computing platforms, and emerging webservices standards. These technologies will enable a new class of mobile services: those that are classified as context- or situationaware. They began their evolution from simple location-based services. The location of a mobile user is perhaps the most powerful service and content discriminator. The European satellite navigation system Galileo will significantly contribute to new location- and context-aware services. Together with GPS, Galileo will drastically increase the availability in critical environments such as urban canyons. Galileo will also provide more signal power to the user’s device than GPS and will transmit two open signals. Thus, Galileo will further open the door for news The challenge of indoor navigation by Dr. Uwe-Carsten Fiebig, Dr. Patrick Robertson, Bernhard Krach, Mohammed Khider German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation applications inside buildings. And as a consequence, Galileo prepares new mass market service scenarios in which the navigation device is no longer fixed inside the car but ubiquitous on everybody’s personal mobile device. However, since people on the move are often inside buildings requiring precise positioning, new technical solutions to enable accurate indoor positioning and navigation have to be developed. ●● ●● www.dlr.de INDOOR NAVIGATION // Dr. Uwe-Carsten Fiebig, Head of Department, Institute of Communications and Navigation – Communications Systems at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) will chair the Navigation World session on indoor navigation on October 21 st , 10:30 am–12:30 pm. Reliability and accuracy within buildings GPS has made outdoor localisation broadly available and is commonly employed for automotive navigation by a very large number of users. Low-cost devices available on the mass market are currently able to track satellite signals down to a signal power of −159 dBm. With these high sensitivity devices, receiving (i.e. acquiring) GNSS signals in indoor environments becomes possible. However, buildings mostly prevent navigation receivers from receiving line-of-sight signals; in fact, the received signals are the result of reflections and diffractions by various elements of neighbouring buildings and objects and the building the user is located in. Thus, these signals can hardly be used for accurate positioning. The compensation of the resulting positioning errors is still an unsolved challenge today. Special issue: Navigation World 2008 No. 3 – October 21 st , 2008 Satellite-to-indoor propagation A key issue in making satellitebased indoor navigation more accurate is the detailed assessment of radio wave propagation mechanisms inside buildings and from outdoor to indoor. Even today, various aspects of satellite-toindoor propagation are still an open research topic that reflects the difficulty of describing a general propagation model for electromagnetic waves into and inside buildings. The main problem is the variety of building structures, building materials, layout of rooms, interior and the environment of the building. Thus, measurements conducted in the same category of buildings may substantially differ from each other. Another problem involves the strong spatial changes of the propagation conditions; within one meter, propagation conditions may change drastically. © Snezana Skundric / Fotolia.de ❯
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